Courses:

The quiz will be a closed-book quiz. Here is a list of topics that have been covered this term that may appear in the quiz. You won't be tested on obscure details of Java^TM.

• Assignment Semantics, Aliasing and Sharing
• Class Hierarchy, Dynamic Dispatch, Inheritance
• Subclasses and Interfaces
• Exceptions, Checked and Unchecked
• Namespace and Access Control Mechanisms
• Static Variables and Methods
• Constructors; References to this and super Object
• Hash Tables and Hash Codes
• Casts and Runtime Type Checks
• Overloading of Method Names
• Runtime Assertions
• Subtyping in Java^TM
• Deep vs. Shallow Copying
• Reference vs. Value Equality
• Parametric Polymorphism

• Declarative vs. Operational Specification
• The Relational Model of Behavior
• Preconditions and Postconditions
• Frame Conditions
• Standard Syntax for Specifications
• Non-deterministic or 'Underdetermined' Specifications
• The Idea of Substitutability
• The Refinement Ordering
• Subtypes vs. Subclasses
• Co- and Contra-variance
• The Object Contract

• The Idea of Representation Independence
• Encapsulating the Representation
• Representation Invariants
• Classification of Operations into Constructors, Mutators, Observers
• Abstraction Functions
• Representation Exposure
• Arguments by Structural Induction
• Mutable and Immutable Types
• Beneficent Side Effects
• Notions of Equality
• The Basic Idea of Algebraic Specification

• Instances versus Models
• Multiplicity Constraints
• Final Markings

• The Dependence Relation
• Dependences Mediated by Specifications
• Effect of Dependence Structure on Division of Labour, Reuse, Reasoning, Testing
• Decoupling by Weakening Dependences

• The Idea of Design Patterns
• Effect of Design Patterns on Dependences
• Composite, Decorator, Iterator, Factory Method, Abstract Factory, Strategy, Template

• Oracles, Stubs and Drivers
• Kinds of Testing: Unit Testing, Regression Testing, etc.
• Basic Notion of Coverage
• Value and Limitations of Testing
• Code-based vs. Specification-based Testing

• Basic Principles
• Simple Cognitive Model and its Consequences
• Standard Heuristics
• Methods for Improving Usability