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Readings are also listed by class session.

Wilson, James Q. Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1991. ISBN: 9780465007851.

Christensen, Clayton M. The Innovator's Dilemma. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. ISBN: 9780875845852.

Utterback, James M. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780875847405.

Owens, Bill. Lifting the Fog of War. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2001. ISBN: 9780801868412.

Readings

SES #	TOPICS	READINGS
1	Introduction	Wilson, James Q. Chapters 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, and 12 in Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1991. ISBN: 9780465007851. Wilson, James Q., and Peter Clark. "Incentive Systems: A Theory of Organization." Administrative Science Quarterly 6 (1961): 129-166. Guillen, Mauro F. "The Age of Eclecticism: Current Organizational Trends and the Evolution of Managerial Models." Sloan Management Review (Fall 1994): 75-86.
2	Military Organizations	Huntington, Samuel P. "Officership as a Profession," and "The Military Mind: Conservative Realism of the Professional Military Ethic." Chapter 1, and 3 in The Soldier and the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967. pp. 7-18, and 59-79. Janowitz, Morris. "Technology and Decision-Making," "Discipline and Combat Goals," and "The Military Hierarchy." Chapters 2, 3, and 4 in The Professional Soldier Part II. New York, NY: Free Press, 1964. pp. 21-37, 38-53, and 54-75. Hastings, Max, and Simon Jenkins. "A War At Sea." Chapter 9 in The Battle for the Falklands. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 1984. pp. 143-163. ISBN: 9780393301984. Moore, Lt. Gen. Harold, and Joseph L. Galloway. "Into the Valley," and "The Storm of Battle." Chapters 5, and 8 in We Were Soldiers Once...and Young. New York, NY: Harper Perennial, 1993. pp. 55-64, and 92-105. ISBN: 9780060975760. Orange, Vincent. "A 'Possible but Unlikely Evacuation': Dunkirk," and "The Battle of Britain: Meeting Them." Chapters 8, and 9 in A Biography of Air Chief Marshal Sir Keith Park. London, UK: Methuen, 1984. pp. 84-90, and 91-119. ISBN: 9780413497703. Brodie, Bernard. "Technological Change, Strategic Doctrine, and Political Outcomes." In Historical Dimensions of National Security Problems. Lawrence, KA: University Press of Kansas, 1976. pp. 263-306. ISBN: 9780700601431.
3	Militaries and Innovation	Wilson, James Q. "Innovation in Organization: Notes towards a Theory." In Approaches to Organizational Design. Edited by J. O. Thompson. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1971. pp. 195-218. ISBN: 9780822952220. Posen, Barry R. "The Importance of Military Doctrine," and "Explaining Military Doctrine." Chapters 1, and 2 in The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany Between the World Wars. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984. pp. 13-33, and 34-80. ISBN: 9780801416330. Rosen, Stephen P. Chapters 1, and 9 in Winning the Next War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994. pp. 1-55, and 251-262. ISBN: 9780801481963. Christensen, Clayton M. The Innovator's Dilemma. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997. pp. 1-96, and 187-212. ISBN: 9780875845852. Sapolsky, Harvey M. "On the Theory of Military Innovation." Breakthroughs IX, 1 (Spring 2000): 35-39.
4	Evolution of Land Warfare	Delbruck, Hans. "Maurice of Orange." Chapter III in The Dawn of Modern Warfare: History of the Art of War. Vol IV. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1990. pp. 155-163, and 168-171. ISBN: 9780803265868. Lynn, John A. "The Ordinaire and Motivation." Chapter 7 in The Bayonets of the Republic. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1984. pp. 163-182. ISBN: 9780252010910. Irvine, Dallas. "The Origins of Capital Staffs." The Journal of Modern History X, no. 2 (June 1938): 161-179. Showalter, Dennis E. Railroads And Rifles. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1975. Part I, pp. 7-75. ISBN: 9780208015051. Posen, Barry R. "Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power." International Security 18, no. 2: 80-124. Griffith, Paddy. "Artillery." Chapter 8 in Battle Tactics of the Western Front. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996. pp. 135-157. ISBN: 9780300066630. Roland, Alex. "Technology, Ground Warfare, and Strategy: The Paradox of American Experience." Journal of Military History 55 (October 1991): 447-467. Jablonsky, David. "US Military Doctrine and the Revolution in Military Affairs." Parameters (Autumn 1994): 18-36. Echevarria, Antulio J., and John M. Shaw. "The New Military Revolution: Post-Industrial Change." Parameters (Winter 1992-93): 70-79. Institute for National Strategic Studies. "Discussion II: Operational Challenges." Strategic Forum (November 1994): 3. Koli, Markku. Development of Military Technology and its Impact on the Finnish Land War Doctrine. (Finnish Defence Studies 4). Helsinki: War College, 1992. pp. 45-73. ISBN: 9789512506040. Lambeth, Benjamin. Desert Storm and its Meaning: The View from Moscow. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1992. pp. 63-93. ISBN: 9780833012586. Collins, James C., and Jerry I. Porras. "The Ultimate Vision." Across the Board (January 1995): 4-8. Mazarr, Michael. The Revolution in Military Affairs: A Framework for Defense Planning. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 1994.
5	Battleships and Massed Fleets	Kennedy, Paul M. "Mahan versus Mackinder," and "The End of Pax Britannica." Chapter 7, and 8 in The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery. London, UK: A. Lane, 1976. pp. 177-202, and 203-237. ISBN: 9780713905939. Morison, Elting E. "Gunfire at Sea: A Case Study of Innovation." Chapter 2 in Men Machines, and Modern Times. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1968. pp. 17-44. ISBN: 9780262630184. Sumida, Jon Tetsuro. "British Capital Ship Design and Fire Control in the Dreadnought Era: Sir John Fisher, Arthur Hungerford Pollen, and the Battle Cruiser." The Journal of Modern History 51, no. 2: 205-230. ———. "Confusion: Fire Control and Capital Ship Design, 1908-1909." Chapter 5 in Defence of Naval Supremacy: Finance, Technology and British Naval Policy, 1889-1914. London, UK, New York, NY: Routledge, 1993. pp. 146-184. ISBN: 9780415086745. Fairbanks, Charles H. "Choosing among Technologies in the Anglo-German Naval Arms Competition, 1898-1915." In Naval History: The Seventh Symposium of the U.S. Naval Academy. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1988. pp. 127-142. ISBN: 9780842022996. Padfield, Peter. "Fire Control and the Dreadnought." Chapter 16 in The Battleship Era. London, UK: Rupert Hart-David, 1972. pp. 183-211. ISBN: 9780246105707.
6	Tactical Airpower	Boog, Horst. "Higher Command and Leadership in the German Luftwaffe, 1935-1945." In Air Power and Warfare: Proceedings of the Eighth Military History Symposium USAF Academy 1978. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF: Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1979. pp. 128-158. Hallion, Richard P. "The Genesis of Anglo-American Air Support: The British Experience in the Western Desert," and "The Necessary Interlude: Doctrine and the American Experience in the Pacific, Tunisian, and Italian Campaigns." Chapter 12, and 13 in Strike from the Sky: The History of Battlefield Air Attack, 1911-1945. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989. pp. 149-162, and 163-187. ISBN: 9780874744521. Muller, Richard. "Close Air Support: The German, British, and American Experiences." In Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Edited by Williamson Murray, et al. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996. pp. 144-190. ISBN: 9780521552417. U.S. Government. "Smart Bombs." Chapter 8 in Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: The Commission: Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1975. pp. 191-198. Watts, Barry D. "Unreported History and Unit Effectiveness." The Journal of Strategic Studies 12, no. 1 (1989): 88-98.
7	Strategic Airpower	Young, Robert J. "The Strategic Dream: French Air Doctrine in the Inter-War Period, 1919-39." The Journal of Contemporary History 9, no. 4: 57-76. Smith, Malcolm. "'A Matter of Faith': British Strategic Air Doctrine before 1939." Journal of Contemporary History 15: 423-442. Overy, R. J. "From 'Uralbomber' to 'Amerikabomber': The Luftwaffe and Strategic Bombing." The Journal of Strategic Studies 1, no. 2: 154-17. McFarland, Stephen L. "The Evolution of the American Strategic Fighter in Europe, 1942-44." The Journal of Strategic Studies 10, no. 2: 189-208. Frankland, Noble. "The Combined Bomber Offensive: Classical and Revolutionary, Combined and Divided, Planned and Fortuitous." In Command and Commanders in Modern Warfare: Proceedings of the Second Military History Symposium U.S. Air Force Academy. Colorado Springs, CO: United States Air Force Academy, 1969. pp. 283-300. McFarland, Stephen. "Daylight Precision Strategic Bombing against Germany." In America's Pursuit of Precision Bombing, 1910-1945. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. pp. 165-190. ISBN: 9781560984078. MacIsaac, David. "Voices from the Central Blue: The Air Power Theorists." In Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986. pp. 624-647. ISBN: 9780691027647. Werrell, Kenneth P. "The Strategic Bombing of Germany in World War II: Costs and Accomplishments." Journal of American History (December 1986): 702-713. Quester, George H. "The Impact of Strategic Air Warfare." Armed Forces and Society (February 1978): 179-205. Thompson, Wayne W. "After Al Furdos." Air Power History (Summer 1996): 48-65. Cohen, Eliot A. "The Mystique of U.S. Air Power." Foreign Affairs (Jan/Feb 1994): 109-124. Meilinger, Phillip S. "Air Targeting Strategies: An Overview." In Air Power Confronts an Unstable World. Edited by R. Hallion. London, UK: Brasseys, 1997. pp. 51-80. ISBN: 9781857532388.
8	Submarine Warfare	Compton-Hall, Richard. "Holland's Hollands: An Irish Tale." Proceedings (February 1991): 59-63. Burns, Richard D. "Regulating Submarine Warfare, 1921-41: A case Study in Arms Control and Limited War." Military Affairs (April 1971): 56-63. Cohen, Eliot A., and John Gooch. "Failure to Learn: American Antisubmarine Warfare in 1942." In Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War. New York, NY: Free Press, 1990. pp. 59-94. ISBN: 9780029060605. Beesly, Patrick. "The First Twelve Months: A Lean Time," "Triton to the Rescue," and "January-May 1942: Climax of the Battle of the Atlantic." Chapters 2, 10, and 11 in Very Special Intelligence: the Story of the Admiralty's Operational Intelligence Centre, 1939-1945. London, UK: Greenhill Books; Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000. pp. ix-xvii, 24-41, 154-171, and 173-185. ISBN: 9781853673986. Lautenschlager, Karl. "The Submarine in Naval Warfare, 1901-2001." International Security 11, no. 3 (1986): 94-140. Cote, Owen R., Jr. "The Third Battle: Innovation in the US Navy's Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarines." MIT Security Studies Program, March 2000.
9	Missiles	Williams, George K. "AWACS and JSTARS." In Technology and the Air Force. Edited by J. Neufeld et al. Washington, DC: Air Force, 1997. pp. 267-287. Sapolsky, Harvey M. Chapters 1, 2, 4, and 8 in The Polaris System Development: Bureaucratic and Programmatic Success in Government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972. ISBN: 9780674682252. Sapolsky, Harvey M., Eugene Gholz, and Allen Kaufman. "Security Lessons from the Cold War." Foreign Affairs (July/August 1999): 77-89. Bednarek, Janet R. Daly. "Damned Fool Idea: The American Combat Glider Program, 1941-1947." Air Power History (Winter 1996): 38-49. Liebowitz, S. J., and Stephen E. Margolis. "The Fable of the Keys." Journal of Law and Economics (April 1990): 1-25. Hone, Thomas C., Norman Friedman, and Mark D. Mandeles. American & British Aircraft Carrier Development, 1919-1941. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1999. pp. 189-199. ISBN: 9781557503824.
10	Armored Warfare	House, Captain Jonathan M. "The Interwar Period." Chapter 3 in Toward Combined Arms Warfare: A Survey of 20th-Century Tactics, Doctrine, and Organization. Fort Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; Washington, DC: Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1985. Govt. Number: D 110.11:2. pp. 43-78. Bond, Brian. "Mechanization: the second phase, 1933-39." Chapter 6 in British Military Policy between the Two World Wars. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1980. pp. 161-190. ISBN: 9780198224648. Larson, Robert H. "The Years of Experiment: 1927-34." Chapter 5 in The British Army and the Theory of Armored Warfare, 1918-1940. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 1984. pp. 132-170. ISBN: 9780874132199. Cooper, Mathew. "The Battle for Ideas." Part II in The German Army: 1933-1945. New York, NY: Stein and Day, 1978. pp. 113-166. ISBN: 9780812824681. Johnson, David E. "Alternatives for Armor." Chapter 10 in Fast Tanks and Heavy Bombers: Innovation in the U.S. Army 1917-1945. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. pp. 116-152. ISBN: 9780801434587. Horowitz, Dan. "Flexible Responsiveness and Military Strategy: The Case of the Israeli Army." Policy Sciences 1 (1970): 191-205. Griffith, Paddy. "Conclusions." Chapter 11 in Battle Tactics of the Western Front. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996. pp. 192-200. ISBN: 9780300066630.
11	Revolution in Military Affairs	Krepinevich, Andrew F., Jr. "Competing for the Future: Searching for Major Ellis." Marine Corps Gazette (November 1996): 28-37. Shapiro, Jeremy. "Information and War: Is it a Revolution?" In The Changing Role of Information in Warfare. Edited by Z. M. Khalizad and J. P. White. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1999. pp. 113-154. ISBN: 9780833026637. Utterback, James M. Chapters 7, and 10 in Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1996. ISBN: 9780875847405. Owens, Bill, Admiral. Lifting the Fog of War. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780801868412. (Entire book).
12	Student Papers
13	Student Papers (cont.)
14	Student Papers (cont.)